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There is a misconception regarding the consumption of dates among patients with diabetes. This manuscript assessed the effects of date consumption on fasting and ... Effect of dates on blood glucose and lipid profile among patients with type 2 diabetes.


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Author contributions: Mirghani HO performed the conception and design of the study, the literature search, and the drafting and critical revision of the manuscript, and provided the final approval of the version to be published. Corresponding author: Hyder Osman Mirghani, MD, MSc, Professor, Internal Medicine, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, Prince Fahd Bin Sultan, Tabuk 51941, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. s.hyder63@hotmail.com. Received 2023 Dec 22, Revised 2024 Mar 3, Accepted 2024 Apr 3, Issue date 2024 Jun 15. ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. PMCID: PMC11229973 PMID: 38983813. Abstract. Poor fruit and vegetable consumption is one of the 10 major risk factors for mortality. There is a misconception regarding the consumption of dates among patients with diabetes. This manuscript assessed the effects of date consumption on fasting and postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, and microbial markers. Four literature databases were searched for relevant articles. Of the 595 studies retrieved, 24 assessed the effects of dates on glycemic control and lipids. Overall, the evidence suggests that dates have a lowering effect on blood glucose. Dates reduce total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increase high-density lipoprotein levels. Dates also promote the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota. Therefore, patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia can consume dates to reduce their blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Keywords: Dates, Lipid profile, Blood glucose, Diabetes mellitus, Microbial contamination. Core Tip: Literature on date consumption among patients with diabetes is scarce and limited. This article highlights the benefits and possible hazards of date consumption in this patient population. Additionally, a discussion on microbial contamination in dates and the beneficial fungi that might produce antibiotics is provided. Finally, the article suggests future research to investigate the role of microbes in pharmacotherapy of certain diseases. INTRODUCTION. Diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent disease with high mortality. Over 10% of people aged 20-79 are suffering from diabetes globally. This percentage is expected to increase to 12.2% by 2045[1,2]. Unfortunately, the actual prevalence of diabetes is likely higher because it is postulated that for every diagnosed patient there is 1 undiagnosed patient. Lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise, are effective factors to treat diabetes[3,4]. Diabetes mellitus can be comorbid with dyslipidemia, and high triglycerides and small dense low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) with LDL are commonly observed abnormalities. Lipid-lowering drugs ( i.e., statins) are the primary therapy but have several undesirable side effects. Therefore, natural products with lipid and blood glucose-lowering properties are beneficial to these patients[5]. It has been shown that fruit and vegetable consumption can decrease weight, mitigate hyperglycemia, and reduce certain cancer risks[6,7]. Likewise, low intake of fruits and vegetables is among the highest risk factors of mortality globally. Dates are a widely available and cheap food staple. Phoenix dactylifera L. or the date palm tree has been utilized as a source of food for more than 6 centuries[8]. Dates are typically dried and serve as an alternative to fresh fruit[9]. There are more than 2000 distinct types of dates, including Ajwa (the super date), Sukari, and Khalas. Dates have a high nutritional value and an abundance of flavonoids and phenolic compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Dates are also rich in starch, proteins, unsaturated fats, minerals, nutrients, and salt[6,10]. In addition, dates are very rich in carotenoids, phenols, dietary fiber, and phytoestrogens with high antioxidant activity[11]. The European Food Safety Authority suggests 100 mg of dried fruit for gastrointestinal health. Similarly, consumption of up to 76.2 g of dates are purported in Arab tradition to be beneficial for postprandial glucose[12]. Dates also promote beneficial gut microbiota that play an important role in inflammation and oxygen free radical suppression. There is an increasing awareness of the association between gut microbiota and chronic diseases, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension[13,14]. The effects of phytochemicals and bioactivity towards gut microbiota function and composition have been an active area of research in recent years. Although dates are an excellent source of phytochemicals[10], the current evidence of the effects of date consumption on diabetes is controversial. It has been demonstrated that dates can be safely consumed by patients with diabetes due to the high fructose and fiber contents of dates[7].













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